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THROWING A BASEBALL OVERHEAD
A. LATISSIMUS DORSI
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ACTION: It draws the arm inferiorly and posteriorly. It extends, adducts, and medially rotates, the arm at the shoulder joint.
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INNERVATION: Thoracodorsal nerve
B. PECTORALIS MAJOR
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ACTION: Adducts and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint, and the clavicular head flexes the arm. The sternocostal head extends the flexed arm to the side of the trunk.
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INNERVATION: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
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KICKING A BALL
A. RECTUS FEMORIS
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ACTION: It extends the leg at the knee joint and flexes the hip on the thigh.
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INNERVATION: Femoral nerve
B. VASTUS MEDIALIS
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ACTION: It extends the leg at the knee joint.
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INNERVATION: Femoral nerve
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DOING SIT-UPS
A. RECTUS ABDOMINIS
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ACTION: The abdominal region compresses while the vertebral column flexes.
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INNERVATION: Thoracic spinal nerves T7 - T12
B. RECTUS FEMORIS
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ACTION: At the hip joint, it flexes the thigh while straightening the leg at the knee.
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INNERVATION: Femoral nerve
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BREATHING
A. DIAPHRAGM
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ACTION: Increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity.
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INNERVATION: Phrenic nerves containing axons from C3 - C5
B. INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
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ACTION: Draws adjacent ribs together, reducing the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity.
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INNERVATION: Thoracic spinal neurons T2 - T12
Reference:
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (15th ed.). Wiley.