N3 Anatomy and Physiology AY 2023-2024

Activity 3

1. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), pentavalent vaccine (Penta) and oral polio vaccine for a 2-month old infant

• Where are the sites of injection?
  The sites of injection for PCV and Penta, noting that they are IM routes and it is for a 2-month old infant, should be in the Anterolateral thigh. The oral polio vaccine is received by drops in the mouth.

• What muscle is targeted in the injection? Write down its origin, insertion and action. 
  The muscle targeted in the PCV and Penta injection is the Vastus lateralis muscle. Its origin is from the Greater trochanter and broad aponeurosis from various sites on the femur. It inserts into the patella through the quadriceps tendon and may extend to the tibia, wherein it works with other quad muscles to extend the knee joint. As the Oral Polio vaccine is taken through the mouth, the muscle included is the lateral pterygoid muscle wherein its main function/action is to depress the mandible and lower the jaw (opening of mouth to intake the vaccine). Its origin is from the sphenoid bone and it inserts into the temporomandibular joint and the pterygoid fovea.

• How do you locate this area? 
  The Vastus lateralis muscle is one of the quad muscles, located just below the hip, or we commonly refer to as thigh muscles that are just above the knees. The lateral pterygoid muscle is one of the mastication muscles located on the side of our mouth or around the lower jaw (mandible).

2. Influenza vaccine for a 65-year old

• Which muscle is the preferred site for IM injection in this case? 
  The deltoid muscle in the upper arm is the recommended site for adults aged 19 and older.

• Write down its origin, insertion and action.
  Its origin is from the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula that is inserted into the Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. The main function of this muscle is the flexion,  rotation (internal and external), abduction, and extension of the arm.

•  How do you locate this area?
  The shoulder muscle is located at the top of your arm (biceps, triceps, and forearm) that connects the whole limb to the trunk.

References: 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, June 20). ACIP Vaccine Administration Guidelines for Immunization. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/administration.html 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, November 16). Seasonal Influenza vaccine dosage & administration. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaxadmin.htm#:~:text=For%20adults%2019%20years%20of,gauge)%20needle%20can%20be%20used.