1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
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The four typical symptoms of inflammation are heat, redness, pain, and swelling. Mast cells that sense damage produce histamine. Vasodilation and an increase in blood flow result from this. This also starts the inflammatory process, which results in edema. Prostaglandins are a substantial contributor to the discomfort associated with inflammation by relaxing smooth muscle and causing vasodilation. The increase in blood flow caused by vasodilation is what causes the heat and redness of the irritated tissue. Blood has easier access to the area of inflammation. Additionally, the local vasculature becomes more permeable, leading to fluid leaking into the interstitial space. Following an early neutrophil invasion, more macrophages clear the material from the area.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
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The body's natural defense system is known as innate immunity. It consists of cell receptors, effector cells, antimicrobial peptides, soluble mediators, and physical and anatomical barriers. Barriers that stop hazardous microbes from entering the body are part of this kind of immunity. As a result, they serve as the immune system's first line of defense. Innate immunity responds quickly and takes place in minutes or hours. Mast cells, phagocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and the complement system mediate it.
Marshall, J. S., Warrington, R., Watson, W., & Kim, H. L. (2018). An introduction to immunology and immunopathology. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 14(S2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0278-1
OpenStax, Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response. OpenStax CNX. Jun 19, 2013 http://cnx.org/contents/3348aa20-102d-4f0b-8e88-5924757ac46d@3.