Answer the following questions:
1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
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When we tackle inflammation, it talks about a reaction triggered by a trauma to our living tissues. It serves as a defense mechanism in which our leukocytes and the substances they produce prevent us from infection coming from external intruders. Furthermore, its objective is to pinpoint and eliminate the harmful substance, as well as to remove damaged tissue components, so that the body can begin to heal. Even though injury initiates the inflammatory response, the chemical substances released as a result of this stimulation cause the vascular and cellular alterations. The damaged cells release inflammatory chemicals such as bradykinin, kinin, and among the most well-known chemical mediators, histamine. These chemicals causes the blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, which results to swelling. Additionally, in a study by Yu, Chaudry, Choudhry, Hsing, Liu, and Xia (2015), they stated that traumatic injury causes an increase in pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as the immune cell activation or recruitment into the specific organs or receptors. Hence, it will result to a systemic inflammatory response.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
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Innate immunity, also known as nonspecific immunity, is our body’s defense mechanism which was present ever since we were born. The innate immune response typically starts with the physical barriers that keep pathogens out of the body. It then destroys them after entering our body or thrown out before they can settle into the favorable environment of the body's soft tissues. The first line of defense (physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes) and the second line of defense are two components of innate immunity (antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever). Moreover, these barrier defenses are not a reaction to infections, rather they function constantly to guard against a wide spectrum of diseases.
References:
Bio 140 - human biology I - textbook: Section 6 - circulatory-immune system. LibGuides. (n.d.). Retrieved November 19, 2022, from https://guides.hostos.cuny.edu/bio140/6
Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Inflammation. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 19, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/science/inflammation
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Immune response: Medlineplus medical encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. Retrieved November 19, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000821.htm#:~:text=The%20inflammatory%20response%20(inflammation)%20occurs,into%20the%20tissues%2C%20causing%20swelling.
Yu, H.-P., Chaudry, I. H., Choudhry, M. A., Hsing, C.-H., Liu, F.-C., & Xia, Z. (2015). Inflammatory response to traumatic injury: Clinical and animal researches in inflammation. Mediators of Inflammation, 2015, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/729637