High blood pressure
- When the diastolic blood pressure increases, the stroke volume also decreases as high blood pressure will increase the afterload. Cardiac output will also increase.
Massive bleeding
- When massive bleeding occurs, the circulating blood volume will decrease, also resulting the central venous pressure to drop. The cardiac output will then decrease.
Drug dopamine
- The drug Dopamine increases cardiac output, the heart rate, and the contractility due to its positive inotropic effects.
Running a sprint
- The muscles exert more energy when sprinting, requiring more oxygen and causing the heart to pump harder to deliver oxygenated blood throughout the body and cleanse it, thus the cardiac output and heart rate will increase.
Hyperthyroidism with increased secretion of thyroid hormones
- The contractility and preload of the heart will increase when there is hyperthyroidism present. The systemic vascular resistance decreases, which in turn will also affect the cardiac output, increasing it further.
Massive myocardial infarction (cardiac tissue death)
- During an MI or Myocardial Infarction, the blood supply is reduced, which will cause a lack of oxygen in the blood supply, decreasing the cardiac output, preload, and also contractility.
Hypothermia
- The heart rate will drop when the body is subject to hypothermia. This is due to the fact that there is a decrease in ventral filling time.
Emotional distress
- The hormones cortisol and adrenaline are released when there is emotional distress, and blood pressure and heart rate will increase.