Answer the following questions:
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Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
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Inflammation is a defensive response of the body to tissue damage, protecting and eliminating initial cause of cell injury and generating new tissue. The process of such a phenomenon is divided into three stages: a.) Vasodilation/ Vascular Permeability, b.) Exudate production and fibrinogen, thromboplastin and platelet formation, and c.) tissue repair.
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Vasodilation/ Vascular Permeability- increased permeability permits defensive proteins like antibodies and clotting factors to enter the injured area from the blood.
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Exudate production and fibrinogen, thromboplastin and platelet formation- emigration of phagocytes from the blood into the interstitial fluid to engulf damaged tissue, pathogens, worn-out neutrophils, and invading microbes.
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Tissue repair- damned tissue prepares to repair itself to normal.
Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
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Innate immunity is present at birth and does not involve specific recognition of a microbe to act against it. Innate immunity is classified as: a.) first line of defense which includes the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and b.} the second line of defense which includes antimicrobial substances, natural killer cells, phagocytes, inflammation, and fever.
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First line of defense (physical and chemical layer of the skin)- protects the body from penetrating bacteria from the intact surface of the skin and acidic nature of stomach and vagina.
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Second line of defense- protects the body by inhibiting microbial growth (Antimicrobial substances), attacking body cells with abnormal plasma membrane proteins (natural killer cells), phagocytosis (WBC), eliminating cause of cell injury (inflammation), and fever. Note that the second line of defense of innate immunity acts generally to all invading microbes and represents the body’s early warning system for the immune system.
References:
Tortora, G., & Derrickson, B. (2014). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. 14th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.