1. Briefly describe the process of inflammation in an area that has been traumatized.
Inflammation is the body's protective response against infections and injuries. When tissues are harmed by infection, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause, the inflammatory response takes place.
Erythema develops in the injured area as blood vessels gradually dilate and increase blood flow into the tissue. Blood vessel permeability then increases, allowing fluid, proteins, and white blood cells to move from the circulation to the site of tissue damage. Chemicals like histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins are released by injured cells. These substances promote swelling by causing blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues. With that, leukocytes (white blood cells) are drawn to the site of injury or infection by the substances that initiate an inflammatory reaction. White blood cells, in particular phagocytes, act to minimize inflammation, heat, and redness in areas of wounded tissue.
2. Choose one type of Immunity (Innate and Humoral) and explain how its mechanism protects our body.
Humoral immunity is an antibody-mediated response that takes place when the body detects foreign substances, or antigens. Most intracellular pathogens spread by migrating from cell to cell through the extracellular fluids, and many of the bacteria that cause infectious disease in humans proliferate in the extracellular areas of the body. The humoral immune response, in which antibodies produced by B cells trigger the destruction of extracellular bacteria and stop the progression of intracellular illnesses, protects the extracellular spaces.
This mechanism is primarily driven by B cell lymphocytes, a type of immune cell that produces antibodies after the detection of a specific antigen. The function of antibodies include:
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neutralization of infectious agents – via blocking or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
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activation of the complement system – compliment dependent cytotoxicity
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binding of foreign substances to be destroyed - opsonization and phagocytosis
REFERENCES:
Dornell, J. (2021, January 25). Humoral vs Cell-Mediated Immunity. Technology Networks. https://www.technologynetworks.com/immunology/articles/humoral-vs-cell-mediated-immunity-344829
The Humoral Immune Response - Immunobiology. (n.d.). NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10752/
Rogers, K. (n.d.). How Is Inflammation Involved in Swelling? | Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/story/how-is-inflammation-involved-in-swelling