1. Among the following processes involved in after-dinner activities are digestion and relaxation which necessitates involuntary actions of the body and so the autonomic nervous system particularly the parasympathetic system is concerned. As such, organs of the body that takes part in digestion will experience increased secretion from the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver. Apart from this, increased activities will be observed from the stomach and intestine as well as increased contractions from the gallbladder but decreased contractions from the heart due to relaxation. With regards to the major nerve supply, the majority of the organs including the pancreas, liver, stomach, intestine, gallbladder, and heart rely on the 10th cranial nerve (vagus nerves) while the salivary glands depend on the 7th cranial nerve (facial nerves) and the 9th cranial nerve (glossopharyngeal nerves) respectively.
2. Upon swerving, there is an increased sympathetic activity that is caused by the activation of the body’s fight-or-flight response which resulted in an increased heart rate, standing up straight of the hair on the skin seen as goose bumps due to the contraction of the arrector pili muscle, and sweating of the palm. Moreover, these responses are prolonged and intensified by the epinephrine and norepinephrine which are secreted by the adrenal medullae.