1. Distinguish between somatic and reproductive cell division and explain the importance of each.
In somatic cell division, a cell undergoes a nuclear division called mitosis and a cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis to produce two genetically identical cells, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cell. A single starting cell divides to produce two identical diploid cells in somatic cell division. Somatic cell division is important because it replaces dead or injured cells and adds new ones during tissue growth. On the other hand, reproductive cell division is the mechanism that produces gametes, the cells needed to form the next generation of sexually reproducing organisms. Each new organism is the result of the union of two different gametes (fertilization), one produced by each parent. This process consists of a special two-step division called meiosis, in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced by half. Reproductive cell division is essential because it allows organisms to transfer their genetic material to their offspring.
2. What is the significance of interphase?
During interphase, the cell replicates its DNA through a process that will be described shortly. It also produces additional organelles and cytosolic components in anticipation of cell division. Interphase is a state of high metabolic activity; it is during this time that the cell does most of its growing.