1.
SUBSPECIALTIES OF ANATOMY
- Embryology - The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.
- Developmental biology - The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
- Cell biology - Cellular structure and functions.
- Histology - Microscopic structure of tissues.
- Gross anatomy - Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
- Systemic anatomy - Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
- Regional anatomy - Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
- Surface anatomy - Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch).
- Radiographic anatomy - Body structures that can be visualized with x-rays.
- Pathological anatomy - Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease.
SUBSPECIALTIES OF PHYSIOLOGY
- Neurophysiology - Functional properties of nerve cells.
- Endocrinology - Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions.
- Cardiovascular physiology - Functions of the heart and blood vessels.
- Immunology - The body’s defenses against disease-causing agents.
- Respiratory physiology - Functions of the air passageways and lungs.
- Renal physiology - Functions of the kidneys.
- Exercise physiology - Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity.
- Pathophysiology - Functional changes associated with disease and aging.
2. To serve and maintain the normal operation of our body, each body part has a unique structure for a particular function. For instance, the stomach has space to store food and digest them. It also has thick mucous lining to save it from acid.