Name at least three muscles that actively contracts during the following activities and name its action and innervation.
Turning a doorknob
Muscle – Supinator muscle
Action – Supination of the forearm, rotates the radius laterally at the proximal radioulnar joint
Innervation – Posterior interosseous nerve
Muscle – Pronator teres
Action – Pronation of the forearm and assistance in flexion of the elbow joint
Innervation – Median nerve
Muscle – Pronator quadratus
Action – Pronation of the forearm through acting on the proximal radioulnar joint
Innervation – Anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm
Throwing a baseball overhead
Muscle – Deltoid
Action – Flexion and medial rotation of the arm
Innervation – Axillary nerve
Muscle – Latissimus dorsi
Action – The extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm
Innervation – Thoracodorsal nerve
Muscle – Teres major
Action – Rotation and adduction of the arm
Innervation – Lower subscapular nerve
Kicking a ball
Muscle – Hamstrings
Action – Flexion of the leg and knee, thigh extension
Innervation – Tibial and common fibular divisions of the sciatic nerve
Muscle – Quadriceps
Action – Extend the leg at the knee joint, flex the thigh at the hip joint
Innervation – Femoral nerve
Muscle – Glutes
Action – Hip extension, external rotation and abduction
Innervation – Inferior gluteal nerve
Doing sit-ups
Muscle – Obliques
Action – Lateral flexion of the trunk, rotation of the trunk
Innervation – Anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves
Muscle – Iliacus
Action – Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
Innervation – Femoral nerve
Muscle – Rectus femoris
Action – Extends the knee and assists the iliopsoas in hip flexion
Innervation – Femoral nerve
Walking
Muscle – Calf muscles
Action – Pulls the heel up to allow forward movement
Innervation – Tibial nerve
Muscle – Gastrocnemius
Action – Plantar flexing of the foot at the ankle joint, flexing the leg at knee joint
Innervation – Anterior rami of the spinal nerves
Muscle – Vastus medialis
Action – Extends the knee joint and stabilizes the patella
Innervation – Tibial tuberosity
Breathing
Muscle – Diaphragm
Action – Contracts and flattens upon the enlargement of the chest cavity
Innervation – Phrenic nerves
Muscle – External intercostals
Action – Elevate the ribs during inhalation
Innervation – Intercostal nerves
Muscle – Rectus abdominis
Action – Pulls the ribs down while active expiration occurs
Innervation – Thoracoabdominal nerves