N3 Anatomy and Physiology (1st Sem AY 2022-2023)

1) It is immunization day at the health center. The first patient is a 2-month-old well female infant who is scheduled for the following vaccinations: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), pentavalent vaccine (Penta), and oral polio vaccine. PCV and Penta are given via the intramuscular route. Where are the sites of injection? What muscle is targeted in the injection? Write down its origin, insertion and action. How do you locate this area?

1. Injection site: Anterolateral thigh 

2. Target Muscles: Vastus lateralis

   1. Origin: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur.

   2. Insertion: Patella via quadriceps tendon and then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

   3. Action: All four heads extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also flexes thigh at hip joint.

   4. How to locate: Lateral side (outer side) of the thigh

2) The baby’s 65-year-old grandfather also came to the center because the influenza vaccine is being offered to senior citizens. The flu vaccine is given intramuscularly. Which muscle is the preferred site for IM injection in this case? Write down its origin, insertion, and action. How do you locate this area?

1. Injection site: Shoulders (upper arm)

2. Target Muscles: Deltoid

   1. Origin: Acromial extremity of clavicle (anterior fibers), acromion of scapula (lateral fibers), and spine of scapula (posterior fibers).

   2. Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

   3. Action: Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint.

   4. How to locate: Located 3 fingers below the acromion process