Name the muscle that may cause the following facial expression and write down its origin, insertion, and action.
1. Platysma
Origin: Skin/fascia of infra- and supraclavicular regions
Insertion: Lower border of the mandible, the skin of buccal/cheek region, lower lip, modiolus, orbicularis oris muscle
Action: Depresses mandible and angle of mouth, tenses skin of the lower face and anterior neck
2. Mentalis muscle
Origin: Incisive fossa of mandible
Insertion: Skin of chin (Mentolabial sulcus)
Action: Elevates, everts and protrudes lower lip, wrinkles skin of chin
3. Orbicularis Oris Muscle
Origin: Medial aspects of maxilla and mandible, perioral skin and muscles, modiolus
Insertion: Skin and mucous membrane of lips
Action: Closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips
4. Corrugator Supercilii Muscle
Origin: Medial end of superciliary arches, Fibers of orbicularis oculi muscle
Insertion: Skin above the middle of supraorbital margin
Action: Creates vertical wrinkles over glabella
5. Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
Origin: Nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
Insertion: Skin of orbital region, lateral palpebral raphe, superior and inferior tarsal plates
Action:
Orbital part: Closes eyelids tightly
Palpebral part: Closes eyelids gently
Deep palpebral part: Compresses lacrimal sac
6. Occipitofrontalis Muscle
Origin:
Frontal belly (frontalis): Skin of eyebrow, muscles of the forehead
Occipital belly (occipitalis): (Lateral 2/3 of) superior nuchal line
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
Action:
Frontal belly: Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of the forehead
Occipital belly: Retracts scalp
References:
Sendić, G., MD. (2022c, July 6). Platysma. Kenhub. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-platysma
Vasković, J., MD. (2022b, August 2). Mentalis muscle. Kenhub. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/mentalis-muscle
Sendić, G., MD. (2022b, July 6). Orbicularis oris muscle. Kenhub. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/orbicularis-oris-muscle
Sendić, G., MD. (2022a, February 16). Corrugator supercilii muscle. Kenhub. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/corrugator-supercilii-muscle
Rad, A. (2022, February 16). Orbicularis oculi. Kenhub. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/orbicularis-oculi
Vasković, J., MD. (2022a, July 6). Occipitofrontalis muscle. Kenhub. Retrieved September 23, 2022, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/occipitofrontalis-muscle