N3 Anatomy and Physiology (1st Sem AY 2022-2023)

1. Turning a door knob

1.  Pronator teres

   1. Action: Forearm pronation at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint

   2. Innervation: Median nerve

2. Supinator

   1. Action: Supination of forearm at radioulnar joints

   2. Innervation: Deep radial nerve

3. Pronator quadratus

   1. Action: Pronation of forearm at radioulnar joints

   2. Innervation: Median nerve

2. Throwing a baseball overhead

1. Infraspinatus

   1. Action: Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder joint

   2. Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

2. Supraspinatus

   1. Action: Abduction of arm at shoulder joint assisted by deltoid muscle

   2. Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

3. Deltoid 

   1. Action: Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; medial rotation of the arm at shoulder joint and anterior fibers flex; extension of posterior fibers and lateral rotation of arm at shoulder joint

   2. Innervation: Axillary nerve

3. Kicking a ball

1. Plantaris

   1. Action: Foot flexes at ankle joint and leg flexes at knee joint

   2. Innervation: Tibial nerve

2. Fibularis longus

   1. Action: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle and eversion of foot at intertarsal joints

   2. Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

3. Biceps femoris

   1. Action: Flexion of leg at knee join and extension of thigh at hip joint

   2. Innervation: Tibial and fibular nerves from sciatic nerve

4. Doing sit-ups

1. Rectus abdominis

   1. Action: Flexion of vertebral column, especially in the portion of lumbar, and compression of abdomen

   2. Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12

2. External oblique

   1. Action: Bilaterally acting together, compression of abdomen and flexion of vertebral column, unilaterally acting singly, lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column

   2. Innervation: T7-T12 and the iliohypogastric nerve

3. Serratus anterior

   1. Action: Abduction of scapula and rotates it upward

   2. Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

5. Walking

1. Vastus lateralis

   1. Action: Extension of leg at knee joint

   2. Innervation: Femoral nerve

2. Soleus

   1. Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint

   2. Innervation: Tibial nerve

3. Plantaris

   1. Action: Foot flexes at ankle joint and leg flexes at knee joint

   2. Innervation: Tibial nerve

6. Breathing

1. Diaphragm

   1. Action: Diaphragm contraction for inhalation and diaphragm relaxation for exhalation

   2. Innervation: Phrenic nerve, contains axons from C3-C5

2. External oblique

   1. Action: Compression of abdomen and flexion of vertebral column

   2. Innervation: T7-T12 and the iliohypogastric nerve

3. Serratus anterior

   1. Action: Elevation of ribs when scapula is stabilized

   2. Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

References:

Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2018). Principles of anatomy and physiology. John Wiley & Sons.