Name at least three muscles that actively contracts during the following activities and name its action and innervation:
1. Turning a door knob
a. Supinator muscle
> Action: supinates the forearm; rotates the forearm to turn the palm upwards
> Innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve
b. Pronator teres
> Action: pronation of the forearm
> Innervation: median nerve
c. Pronator quadratus
> Action: pronation of radioulnar joint
> Innervation: anterior interosseus nerve
2. Throwing a baseball overhead
a. Pectoralis major
> Action: flexes and adducts arm (clavicular head); adducts and medially rotates arm (sternal head)
> Innervation: medial pectoral nerve and lateral pectoral nerve
b. Deltoid
> Action: abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medial rotate; posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate
> Innervation: axillary nerve
c. Triceps
> Action: extends elbow; stabilizes shoulder joint (long head); retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension (medial head)
> Innervation: radial nerve
3. Kicking a ball
a. Psoas major
> Action: flexes and laterally rotates hip
> Innervation: anterior rami of spinal nerves
b. Rectus femoris
> Action: extends leg; flexes thigh
> Innervation: posterior division of femoral nerve
c. Iliacus
> Action: flexes and externally rotates the femur
> Innervation: femoral nerve in abdomen
4. Doing sit-ups
a. Rectus abdominis
> Action: flexes trunk; aids forced expiration; raise intra-abdominal pressure
> Innervation: intercostal nerve, subcostal nerve
b. Transversus abdominis
> Action: support abdominal wall; conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal
> Innervation: anterior primary rami; conjoint tendon ilioinguinal nerve
c. Iliopsoas
> Action: flex the thigh at the hip joint
> Innervation: femoral nerve (iliacus); anterior rami of spinal nerves (psoas major)
5. Walking
a. Quadriceps
> Action: extend the knee; thigh flexion
> Innervation: femoral nerve
b. Soleus
> Action: powerful plantar flexor of ankle
> Innervation: tibial nerve
c. Gastrocnemius
> Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes knee
> Innervation: tibial nerve
6. Breathing
a. Diaphragm
> Action: inspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure
> Innervation: phrenic nerve; upper two lumbar nerve roots
b. Intercostal muscles
> Action: elevation or depression of the ribs
> Innervation: intercostal nerves
c. Pectoral muscles
> Action: adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
> Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head, sternocostal head