ACTIVITY 2

SANTUYO, Rica Lianne L. - Activity 2

SANTUYO, Rica Lianne L. - Activity 2

by Rica Lianne Santuyo -
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1. Turning a door knob

  • Pronator quadratus muscles
    • Action - Proximal radioulnar joint: Forearm pronation
    • Innervation - Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve, C7, C8)
  • Pronator teres
    • Action - Pronation of forearm at the proximal radioulnar joint, flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
    • Innervation - Median nerve (C6, C7)
  • Supinator
    • Action - Proximal radioulnar joint: Forearm supination
    • Innervation - Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

2. Throwing a baseball overhead

  • Deltoid
    • Action - Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint.
    • Innervation - Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
  • Subscapularis
    • Action - Shoulder joint: Arm internal rotation, Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
    • Innervation -Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5 - C6)
  • Teres Major
    • Action - Extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint.
    • Innervation - Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)

3. Kicking a ball

  • Semitendinosus
    • Action - Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint.
    • Innervation - Tibial branch of sciatic nerve (L5 - S2)
  • Iliopsoas
    • Action - Psoas major and iliacus muscles acting together flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally, and flex trunk on hip as in sitting up from supine position.
    • Innervation: Lumbar spinal nerves (L2-L3)
  • Quadriceps femoris
    • Action - knee joint; rectus femoris muscle acting alone also flexes thigh at hip joint.
    • Innervation - Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

4. Doing sit-ups

  • Internal Oblique
    • Action - Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration; Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (ipsilateral)
    • Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve (L1), ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
  • External Oblique
    • Action: Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration; Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (contralateral)
    • Innervation - Motor: Intercostal nerves (T7- T11), Subcostal nerve (T12)
      Sensory: Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
  • Transversus abdominis
    • Action - Bilateral contraction - Compresses abdominal viscera, expiration
      Unilateral contraction - Trunk rotation (ipsilateral)
    • Innervation - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve (L1), ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
  • Rectus abdominis
    • Action - Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure
    • Innervation - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12)

5. Walking

  • Fibularis longus
    • Action - Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and everts (pronates) foot at intertarsal joints.
    • Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)
  • Tibialis anterior
    • Action - Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts (supinates) foot at intertarsal joints
    • Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
  • Soleus 
    • Action - Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint.
    • Innervation - Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

6. Breathing

  • External intercostal muscles
    • Action: Contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation.
    • Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T2–T12
  • Internal intercostal muscles -
    • Action : Contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation.
    • Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T2–T12.
  • Diaphragm
    • Action - Contraction of diaphragm causes  it to flatten and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation of diaphragm causes it to move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation
    • Innervation: Phrenic nerves (C3-C5) (sensory innervation of peripheries via 6th-11th intercostal nerves)

References
Tortora GJ & Derrickson B. (2014). Chapter 11 Muscular System. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14 edition. Pp 327-446.