Name at least three muscles that contracts during the following activities and name its action
and innervation:
Turning a door knob
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Supinator
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Action: Supinates forearm at radioulnar joints
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Innervation: Deep radial nerve
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Pronator Teres
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Action: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints; weakly flexes forearm at elbow joint
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Innervation: Median nerve
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Pronator Quadratus
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Action: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints
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Innervation: Median nerve
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Throwing a baseball overhead
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Deltoid
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Action: Abduct arm at shoulder joint (lateral fibers), flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint (anterior fibers), extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
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Innervation: Axillary nerve
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Subscapularis
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Action: Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
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Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerve
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly; elevates vertebral column and torso (RMA)
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Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
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Kicking a ball
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Iliopsoas
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Action: Flexes thigh at hip joint, rotates thigh laterally, flexes trunk on hip
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Innervation: Lumbar spinal nerves L2=L3
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Rectus femoris
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Action: Extends leg at knee joint, flexes thigh at hip joint
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Innervation: Femoral nerve
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Biceps femoris
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Action: Flexes leg at knee joint, extends thigh at hip joint
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Innervation: Tibial and femoral nerve from sciatic nerve
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Doing sit-ups
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Rectus abdominis
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Action: Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion; compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced exhalation, childbirth; flexes pelvis on the vertebral column (RMA)
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Innervation: Thoracic Spinal nerves (T7-T12)
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Transversus Abdominis
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Action: Compresses abdomen
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve
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Internal obliques
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Action: Compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column (acting together); laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, rotates vertebral column (acting singly)
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve
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Walking
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Gastrocnemius
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Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint, flexes leg at knee joint
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Innervation: Tibial nerve
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Soleus
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Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint
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Innervation: Tibial nerve
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Quadriceps
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Action: Extends leg at knee joint
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Innervation: Femoral nerve
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Breathing
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Diaphragm
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Action: contraction of diaphragm - flattens and increases vertical dimensions of thoracic activity (inhalation); relaxation of diaphragm - move superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of thoracic activity (exhalation)
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Innervation: Phrenic nerve (containing axons from cervical spinal nerves C3-C5 )
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External Intercostals
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Action: contraction - elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity (inhalation); relaxation - depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity (exhalation)
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves (T2-T12)
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Internal intercostals
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Action: Contraction - draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation
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Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves (T2-T12)
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Reference:
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B.(2012). Principles of anatomy and physiology. John Wiley & Sons