Which bone (yellow) is centrally located and joins with most of the other bones of the skull?
- The sphenoid bone, which is positioned in the center of the skull and connects to the majority of the other bones on both sides, is the yellow bone that is centrally located and joins with the majority of the other bones.
What are the two mechanisms by which the bones of the body are formed and which bones are formed by each mechanism?
- a. Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification are the two mechanisms responsible for bone formation in the body. Intramembranous ossification is the process by which bone is created within fibrous connective tissue membranes. As the process begins, mesenchymal cells develop into osteoblasts, and the flat bones of the skull, jaw, and clavicles are formed in this manner. On the other hand, endochondral ossification, the replacement of cartilage by bone, happens in the majority of skeleton bones; the bones formed here are especially all long bones, ribs, vertebrae, scapula, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, sternum, and pelvis.
What are the synovial joints being described in the video?
Synovial joints being described in the video are:
- Ball-and-socket joint: It is a tri-axial joint, which allows three degrees of motion and permits movement in all directions; the shoulder and hip are examples.
- Hinge joint: It allows movement along a single axis, allowing just flexion and extension; examples are the elbow, knee, and ankle.
- Pivot joint: It allows movement along only one longitudinal axis and only rotation; examples include the lower arm, bones around the elbow, the skull, and the vertebrae.
- Condyloid joint: It allows motion in multiple directions, but neither rotation nor gliding. The articulation between the metacarpals of the hand and the phalanges of the fingers in articulated hands is an example.
- Saddle joint: It has numerous articular phases that resemble saddles; each is concave on one axis and convex on the other; these opposites face one other; the thumb, carpal, and metacarpal bones are examples.
- Sliding joint: It features a flattened or slightly curved face; the flat surface permits the sliding motion to proceed smoothly and effectively in all directions. Examples include the end of the clavicles between the carpals and tarsal bones, and between the articular facets of adjacent spinal vertebrae.
Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest ranges of motion?
- The ball-and-socket joint is the type of synovial joint that is capable of the widest range of motion of any synovial joint.