1. Distinguish between somatic and reproductive cell division and explain the importance of each.
Cell division can occur in both somatic cells and reproductive cells. For somatic cell division or mitosis, there results in two genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single “parent” cell. On the other hand, reproductive cell division or meiosis would lead to four daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent but hold only half as much DNA. As somatic cell division invokes the body, mitosis is integral to bodily growth and healing. Meanwhile, meiosis makes sure that the offspring of humans can acquire the correct number of chromosomes as they produce four daughter cells but with only half the DNA. More so, these daughter cells are unique compared to one another so there will be genetic variation as a result.
2. What is the significance of interphase?
As interphase takes the longest time in the eukaryotic cell cycle, it entails a lot of functions. To be specific, it allows for cell growth, DNA replication, and preparations for cell division. In the first stage of interphase or the G1 phase, the cell becomes larger and accumulates the building blocks of DNA and relevant proteins while preparing enough energy for cell replication. For the next stage or S phase, genetic material is duplicated, which is a task so complex that it results in it being the longest stage of interphase. Lastly, the G2 phase involves the replenishment of cellular energy reserves as well as the synthesis of proteins necessary for chromosomal manipulation.