Which bone (yellow) is centrally located and joins with most of the other bones of the skull?
- Based on the video, the bone that is colored “yellow” which is centrally located and joins with most of the other bones of the skull is called sphenoid bone. It has two lateral wings on either side and a butterfly- or bat-like form. Its purpose is to give the facial muscles support. Moreover, it is a keystone of the cranial floor because it articulates with all the other cranial bones, and holds them together.
What are the two mechanisms by which the bones of the body are formed and which bones are formed by each mechanism?
- The two mechanisms by which the bones of the body are formed that were mentioned in the video are intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification is a process that occurs within the fibrous connective tissue membranes within mesenchyme cells. After that, this proceeds to subphases including the development of the ossification center, calcification, formation of trabaculae, and development of the periosteum. During this mechanism, flat bones such as skull, mandible, and clavicle are formed. On the other hand, endochondral ossification is the replacement of cartilage with bone. The bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme. In this mechanism, most of the bones that are formed are long bones of the axial skeleton such as ribs and vertebrae, and limbs which are under the appendicular skeleton.
What are the synovial joints being described in the video?
- The synovial joints being described in the video are the following;
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Ball and socket joints - can be found in the shoulder and hip
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Pivot joints - can be found in the first (1st) and second (2nd) vertebrae
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Plantar joints - can be found in the carpals, tarsals, and vertebrae
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Saddle joints - can be found between the thumb and wrist
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Hinge joints - can be found in the elbow
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Condyloid joints - can be found between the bone in the forearm, radius, and carpal bones
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Which type of synovial joint allows for the widest ranges of motion?
- The type of synovial joint that allows the widest ranges of motion are ball and socket joints. This joint involves a ball fitting into a concave surface that is why it allows all types of motion except gliding.