1) Anatomy is the study of body structures and their relationships with each other. The following are some of the common subspecialties of Anatomy and their respective descriptions:
1. Embryology - The first 8 weeks of development after the fertilization of an egg
2. Development Biology - The complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death
3. Cell Biology - Cellular structure and functions
4. Surface Anatomy - Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation
5. Gross Anatomy - Structures that can be examined without using a microscope
6. Systemic Anatomy - Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous system or respiratory systems
Physiology is the study of body functions. Some of the subspecialties of Physiology and their descriptions are as follows:
1. Neurophysiology - Functional properties of nerve cells
2. Endocrinology - Hormones and how they control body functions
3. Cardiovascular Physiology - Functions of the heart and blood vessels
4. Immunology - How the body defends itself against disease-causing agents
5. Renal Physiology - Functions of the kidneys 6. Pathophysiology - Functional changes associated with disease and aging
2) Personal example of body part with a structure relating to its function: The reason as to why small intestines are filled with multiple folds is so that they can maximize their surface area and increase the rate of their primary function: absorption of nutrients in the body.