1. For anatomy, there are the following subspecialties: 1.) Embryology aims to study how the embryo and the fetus forms and develops as it focuses on the first 8 weeks of development, all the way to the fertilization of the egg; 2.) Development Biology focuses on how an organism is developed through a series of interactions between processes and how they develop the organism’s shape, size, and structural features; 3) Gross Anatomy covers the study of major body structures and those structures that are visible to the naked eye (without using a microscope); 4.) Systemic Anatomy tackles the study of different organ systems that work towards a certain goal, covering the 11 body systems (muscular, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, nervous, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and lymphatic systems); 5.) Surface Anatomy is the study of the external features of the body and is also called “superficial anatomy. It includes anatomical features that could be identified without dissection and is actually a branch of gross anatomy; and 6.) Systemic Anatomy is the study of systems and taking a closer look at the different parts that make up a specialized function.
As for physiology, there are the following subspecialties: 1.) Cardiovascular Physiology covers the cardiovascular system, its function, and cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, cardiac valve diseases, and others; 2.) Endocrinology deals with the endocrine system that is responsible for controlling the hormones in the body; 3.) Neurophysiology takes a closer look at the peripheral and central nervous system and also neurological disorders; 4) Immunology is all about the immune system and how it protects us from infection and diseases as the first line of our body’s defense; 5.) Renal Physiology or Kidney Physiology touches up on the kidneys, which filter and clear waste from our body; and 6.) Pathophysiology aims to learn about the biological and physical abnormalities in the body due to diseases.
2. One I could think of is how we have joints between our bones. These gaps are there for mobility — so we can move our fingers, toes, arms, and legs. Without them, we wouldn’t be as flexible nor as mobile as we are.
References:
Embryology. Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/embryology
Love, A. (2015). Developmental Biology. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/biology-developmental/
Rad, A. (2022). Human anatomy. Kenhub. Retrieved from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/education/the-human-anatomy
Anatomy. Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/anatomy
Journal of Morphology and Anatomy. Hilaris Publisher. Retrieved from https://www.hilarispublisher.com/scholarly/surface-anatomy-journals-articles-ppts-list-1113.html
Systemic anatomy. Biology Online. Retrieved from https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/systemic-anatomy
Klabunde, R. Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. CV Physiology. Retrieved from https://www.cvphysiology.com/table_of_contents%20-%20disease
What is Endocrinology? AACE. Retrieved from https://www.aace.com/all-about-endocrinology/what-endocrinology
Neurophysiology. NHS. Retrieved from https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/healthcare-science/roles-healthcare-science/physiological-sciences/neurophysiology
What is immunology? British Society for Immunology. Retrieved from https://www.immunology.org/public-information/what-is-immunology
Kidney Physiology. UCLA Health. Retrieved from https://www.uclahealth.org/programs/core-kidney/conditions-treated/kidneys/kidney-physiology
What is Pathophysiology in Nursing? (2021). Ohio University. Retrieved from https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu/blog/what-is-pathophysiology-in-nursing/