N3 Anatomy and Physiology (1st Sem AY 2022-2023)

A. Anatomy Subspecialties 

1. Histology: studies of microscopic structure of tissues

2. Systemic anatomy: studies structure of specific systems of the body (ex: nervous or respiratory systems)

3. Regional anatomy: studeis specific regions of the body (ex: head, chest)

4. Embryology: studies the 1st 8 weeks of development following fertilization of an egg

5. Radiographic anatomy: studies body structures through X-rays

6. Surface anatomy: studies the surface of the body through visualization and palpation to understand internal anatomy 

7. Gross anatomy: studies structures that can be examined without a microscope

8. Pathological anatomy: studies structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease

9. Developmental biology: studies the complete development of an individual (from fertilization of an egg to death)

10. Cell biology: study of cellular structure and functions

A. Physiology Subspecialties 

1. Neurophysiology: studies the functional properties of nerve cells

2. Renal Physiology: studies functions of the kidneys

3. Endocrinology: studies hormones and how they control body functions

4. Respiratory Physiology: studies the functions of the air passageways and lungs

5. Cardiovascular Physiology: studies functions of the heart and blood vessels

6. Exercise Physiology: studies changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity

7. Immunology: studies how the body defends itself against disease-causing agents

8. Pathophysiology: studies functional changes associated with disease and aging

B. The respiratory System is made up of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. All of these structures work together to process oxygen and expel carbon dioxide which are necessities in organ function and overall homeostasis.