N3 Anatomy and Physiology (1st Sem AY 2022-2023)

1. Anatomy as well as physiology have several subspecialties. Can you identify these subspecialties and explain what they specifically study?

• ANATOMY

1. Embryology - This discusses the first eight weeks of development after the fertilization of the egg

2. Developmental Biology - This is the study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to to death

3. Cell Biology - The study of the cellular structure and its functions

4. Surface Anatomy - The study of using the surface body to understand the internal body anatomy through visualization and palpation

5. Gross Anatomy - Studying structures that can be seen without the aid of microscopes 

6. Systematic Anatomy - Studies the systems of the body 

PHYSIOLOGY

1. Neurophysiology - studies the functional properties of nerve cells

2. Endocrinology - studies hormones and how they control the body functions

3. Cardiovascular physiology - the study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels

4. Immunology - studies how the body defends itself against certain diseases that cause harm to the body

5. Renal Physiology - looks into the functions of the kidneys

6. Pathophysiology  - the study of the functional changes that come with aging and disease

Can you give your own example on how a structure of a body part is related to its function?

• The mouth is a part of the digestive system. The mouth initiates the digestive process by chewing and moistening food before swallowing and allowing it to pass through the esophagus and then into the stomach.