1. Some subspecialties of anatomy are:
Embryology - the study of the development of a fertilized egg; specifically the first 8 weeks
Development Biology - the study of an individual's total development from the fertilized egg to death
Cell Biology - the study of the structure and functions of a cell
Surface anatomy - the study of the body's surface markings for the purpose of gaining comprehension of internal anatomy through visualization and palpation
Gross anatomy - the study of structures that may be observed without the use of a microscope
Systemic anatomy - the specified studies on particular systems
Subspecialties of Physiology:
Neurophysiology - the study of nerve cells' functional properties
Endocrinology - the study of hormones and the process in which they control the functions of the body
Cardiovascular physiology - the study of the heart and blood vessels' functions
Immunology - the study of the body's defense system against disease-causing agents
Renal physiology - the study of kidney functions
Pathophysiology - the study of changes in functions relative to disease and aging
2. It is known that neurons receive, send, and transform the electric signals that they conduct. This is in order for us to be able to execute our daily tasks. Thus, these electric signals must be fast. For this, neurons have axons that transmit information from the neuron cell body to the axon terminal. Its structure involves myelin, which is a fatty substance that insulates the axon; thus resulting in the betterment of the neuron's function through an increased velocity of the electrical signals.