1. What are the organs that constitute each of the organ systems above?
- Integumentary system - skin and other structures, like fingernails, toenails, hair, sweat glands, and oil glands
- Skeletal system - bones, joints, and cartilages
- Muscular system - tendons and muscles, specifically skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles
- Nervous system - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and other special sense organs, like the eyes and ears
- Endocrine system - hypothalamus, thymus, pineal gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, parathyroid gland, ovaries (for women), and testes (for men)
- Cardiovascular system - blood, heart, and blood vessels
- Lymphatic system - tonsils (pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual), thymus, thoracic duct, spleen, red bone marrow, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic fluids
- Respiratory system - nasal cavity, oral cavity, lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tube
- Digestive system - mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; other accessory organs that are part of the digestive system are the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
- Urinary system - kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- Reproductive systems; for females, the parts are the ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands, while for males, they have the vas deferens, seminal vesicle, epididymis, prostate, testes, and penis
2. Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
The urinary, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems help maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids. Kidneys regulate the metabolic component of acid-base balance. While the cardiovascular help by filtering oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes from cells through the blood, which helps regulate our acid-base balance, temperature, and water content. On the other hand, the respiratory system helps by regulating the amount of carbon dioxide in our blood.