1. What are the organs that constitute each of the organ-systems above?
> Integumentary system: skin, nails (fingernails and toenails), hair, and exocrine glands
> Skeletal system: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and tendons
> Muscular system: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
> Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin)
> Endocrine system: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pineal gland, ovaries, and testes
> Cardiovascular system: heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries
> Lymphatic system: bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and lymphatic vessels
> Respiratory system: lungs, nose, mouth, trachea (windpipe), pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), and bronchi (airways)
> Digestive system: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
> Urinary system: kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra
> Reproductive system: (a) Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina (b) Male: prostate, testes, and penis
2. Which organ systems function to regulate acid-base balance in body fluid?
Since the liver, kidneys, and lungs are needed for acid-base balance, both the respiratory system and the urinary system are needed to regulate the acid-base balance in body fluid.